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1046 published stories · page 46 of 70

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Justitia ex machina: The impact of an AI system on legal decision-making and discretionary authority

Governments increasingly use algorithms to inform or supplant decision-making. Artificial Intelligence systems in particular are considered objective, consistent and efficient decision-makers, but have also been shown to be fallible. Furthermore, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in government is fraught with challenges which are only partly understood and rarely studied in practice. In this paper, we draw on science and technology studies and human computer interaction and report on a critical case s…

Big Data & Society · Policy

Justitia ex machina: The impact of an AI system on legal decision-making and discretionary authority

Both readings

ChatGPT Provides Satisfactory but Occasionally Inaccurate Answers to Common Patient Hip Arthroscopy Questions

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of ChatGPT to answer common patient questions regarding hip arthroscopy, and to analyze the accuracy and appropriateness of its responses. METHODS: Ten questions were selected from well-known patient education websites, and ChatGPT (version 3.5) responses to these questions were graded by 2 fellowship-trained hip preservation surgeons. Responses were analyzed, compared with the current literature, and graded from A to D (A being the highest, and D being the lowest) in a grading sca…

Health

Evidence-backed problem

Artificial intelligence in industry – ethical challenges

Abstract Artificial intelligence is revolutionising industry, significantly improving work efficiency. However, the development of AI continues to generate new ethical challenges. An international legal framework has already been developed to ensure the ethical and safe development of AI. However, it seems that new threats and ethical dilemmas continue to arise as AI develops further. This study aims to explain some of the benefits and threats of using AI in industry and to encourage reflection on the need to in…

Labor

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Artificial intelligence in the music streaming value chain: Exploring artists' and users’ perceptions on content creation and algorithmic consumption

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role throughout every stage of the music industry value chain. In fact, AI has been integral to the value proposition of music streaming platforms since their inception. This research article investigates how AI—and in particular, Generative AI (GenAI)—affects the creation and consumption stages, the two most socially significant components of the music streaming value chain. It explores users’ perceptions of the impact of AI/GenAI on their music-listening experience…

Media & Arts

Both readings

Reclaiming the Sonic Archive: AI, Data Sovereignty, and the Future of Mijikenda Music

This paper examines the ethical implications and risks of applying artificial intelligence (AI) to Indigenous musical heritage, with a specific focus on the Mijikenda communities in the coast of Kenya. Traditional AI tools, deeply rooted in Western systems of knowledge, carry a significant risk of perpetuating digital colonialism. This manifests through the decontextualisation of sacred musical practices and the infringement of crucial data sovereignty rights. The study aims to analyse the fundamental effects em…

Media & Arts

Both readings

From concerns to benefits: a comprehensive study of ChatGPT usage in education

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly becoming integral components of the digital learning ecosystem. As AI technologies continue to evolve, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing their adoption and use among students in higher education. This study is undertaken against this backdrop to explore the behavioral determinants associated with the use of the AI Chatbot, ChatGPT, among university students. The investigation delves into the role of ChatGPT’s self-learning capabili…

Education

Evidence-backed gain

Self-optimizing machine learning potential assisted automated workflow for highly efficient complex systems material design

Abstract Machine learning interatomic potentials have revolutionized complex materials design by enabling rapid exploration of material configurational spaces via crystal structure prediction with ab initio accuracy. However, critical challenges persist in ensuring robust generalization to unknown structures and minimizing the requirement for substantial expert knowledge and time-consuming manual interventions. Here, we propose an automated crystal structure prediction framework built upon the attention-coupled…

Science

Digital materials ecosystem: from databases to AI agents for autonomous discovery

The concept of a digital materials ecosystem represents a new paradigm in materials research, where data, theory, and automation are integrated into a unified and iterative framework. By combining reliable databases, physical frameworks, and intelligent data analysis, materials discovery is evolving from empirical exploration toward a systematic and predictive science. The rapid growth of data and artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the identification of complex structure-property relationships, while advan…

Science

Thinking Machines: Mathematical Reasoning in the Age of LLMs

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in structured reasoning and symbolic tasks, with coding emerging as a particularly successful application. This progress has naturally motivated efforts to extend these models to mathematics, both in its traditional form, expressed through natural-style mathematical language, and in its formalized counterpart, expressed in a symbolic syntax suitable for automatic verification. Yet, despite apparent parallels between programming and proof cons…

Science

ChatMOF: an artificial intelligence system for predicting and generating metal-organic frameworks using large language models

ChatMOF is an artificial intelligence (AI) system that is built to predict and generate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). By leveraging a large-scale language model (GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, and GPT-3.5-turbo-16k), ChatMOF extracts key details from textual inputs and delivers appropriate responses, thus eliminating the necessity for rigid and formal structured queries. The system is comprised of three core components (i.e., an agent, a toolkit, and an evaluator) and it forms a robust pipeline that manages a variety…

Science

ChatMOF: an artificial intelligence system for predicting and generating metal-organic frameworks using large language models

Human-Centered and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0: Challenges and Perspectives

The aim of this position paper is to identify a specific focus and the major challenges related to the human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) approach in the field of Industry 5.0 and the circular economy. A first step towards the opening of a line of research is necessary to aggregate multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary skills to promote and take into consideration the different aspects related to this topic, from the more technical and engineering aspects to the social ones and the repercussions in…

Policy

Human-Centered and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0: Challenges and Perspectives

Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS 2.1) and the standard of care in multidisciplinary routine pract…

Health

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Implications for Policymakers, Researchers, and Practitioners

Abstract One trending theme within research on learning and teaching is an emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI). While AI offers opportunities in the educational arena, blindly replacing human involvement is not the answer. Instead, current research suggests that the key lies in harnessing the strengths of both humans and AI to create a more effective and beneficial learning and teaching experience. Thus, the importance of ‘humans in the loop’ is becoming a central tenet of educational AI. As AI technology a…

Education

From pilots to decision systems: embedding generative AI into strategic decision-making through a socio-technical and governance lens

Generative AI (GAI) promises superior analytics and agility in strategy work, yet organisations struggle to move beyond pilots towards routinised decision inputs. This study investigates how GAI becomes embedded in strategic decision-making (SDM) through a qualitative single-case analysis of a global multi-brand group, based on 27 semi-structured executive interviews triangulated with internal documents and industry reports. Structured inductive coding yields a process model identifying enablers, leadership-driv…

Policy

From pilots to decision systems: embedding generative AI into strategic decision-making through a socio-technical and governance lens

Precision Farming with Smart Sensors: Current State, Challenges and Future Outlook

The agricultural sector, a vital industry for human survival and a primary source of food and raw materials, faces increasing pressure due to global population growth and environmental strains. Productivity, efficiency, and sustainability constraints are preventing traditional farming methods from adequately meeting the growing demand for food. Precision farming has emerged as a transformative paradigm to address these issues. It integrates advanced technologies to improve decision making, optimize yield, and co…

Business

Precision Farming with Smart Sensors: Current State, Challenges and Future Outlook