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Health · Diagnostics & Imaging

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Both readings

Explainable machine learning for breast cancer prediction in resource-constrained settings: A multi-algorithmic framework integrating shap-based transparency with clinical decision support

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women globally, with disproportionately higher mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where diagnostic delays and limited specialist pathology capacity are widespread. While machine learning (ML) approaches achieve strong predictive performance for cancer classification, algorithmic opacity and absence of interpretability frameworks tailored to resource-constrained environments have impeded clinical adoption. This study bridg…

PLOS Digital Health · Health

Explainable machine learning for breast cancer prediction in resource-constrained settings: A multi-algorithmic framework integrating shap-based transparency with clinical decision support
How Well Do AI Chatbots Understand Abnormal Anatomy: A Comparative Study Using Congenital Anomalies and Tumor Cases
Both readings

How Well Do AI Chatbots Understand Abnormal Anatomy: A Comparative Study Using Congenital Anomalies and Tumor Cases

Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots are becoming an efficient option to understand medical data and also help with clinical reasoning. There has been a recent progression in research of large language models and their ability to be used in the healthcare sector, such as radiological image analysis, and diagnostic support. There is however, little evidence supporting their ability to accurately understand abnormal anatomical conditions, such as congenital anomalies and tumor related changes in anatomy. To asses…

Health
Beyond the Algorithm: A Stewardship Framework for the Hand Surgeon Adopting Artificial Intelligence
Both readings

Beyond the Algorithm: A Stewardship Framework for the Hand Surgeon Adopting Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is entering hand surgery through imaging, outcome prediction, and patient communication. Neural networks read scaphoid and distal radius radiographs. Machine learning models predict outcomes after carpal tunnel release. Large language models are being tested for patient communication and chart drafting. Adoption, however, has outpaced validation. Most hand surgery artificial intelligence tools are tested only on data resembling their training set, deployed in workflows that have not been…

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Pediatric Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Unmet Needs and Next Steps-<i>AJR</i> Expert Panel Review
Evidence-backed problem

Pediatric Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Unmet Needs and Next Steps-<i>AJR</i> Expert Panel Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have transformed radiology, yet pediatric medical imaging remains substantially underrepresented in AI development, validation, regulation, and implementation. Unlike adults, children go through continuous physiologic and anatomic changes that require age-specific models trained on representative developmental data. However, pediatric AI is limited by scarce publicly available datasets, fragmented institutional data, rare diseases, heterogeneous reporting practices, and…

Health
A Quality Assessment Rubric for Artificial Intelligence-Generated Patient-Friendly Radiology Reports
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A Quality Assessment Rubric for Artificial Intelligence-Generated Patient-Friendly Radiology Reports

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being used to translate radiology reports into plain language, but translation errors may compromise comprehension and safety. Objective: To develop and evaluate a rubric for assessing the quality and safety of AI-generated patient-friendly radiology reports. Methods: In this prospective study (conducted from February 2025 to December 2025), survey-workshop cycles, involving lay participants and a multidisciplinary panel, were used to develop a rubric for gradin…

Health
Automated Diagnosis of Infantile Skull Fractures From X-Ray Images Using an Ensemble Deep Learning Model
Evidence-backed gain

Automated Diagnosis of Infantile Skull Fractures From X-Ray Images Using an Ensemble Deep Learning Model

Background To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted model for detecting skull fractures in neonates and infants using plain radiographs, enhancing diagnostic accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure. Methods A retrospective dataset of skull X-rays from 1,184 patients with head trauma (2010-2021) was collected. Images underwent preprocessing, including background removal, Gaussian blurring, binarization, and CLAHE-based contrast enhancement. Three convolutional neural network architectures (ResNet-…

Health
A Multiparametric Approach Integrating Multimodal Ultrasound and Serum TPO-Ab for Differentiating Thyroid Carcinoma in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Comparative Diagnostic Study with Internal Validation
Evidence-backed gain

A Multiparametric Approach Integrating Multimodal Ultrasound and Serum TPO-Ab for Differentiating Thyroid Carcinoma in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Comparative Diagnostic Study with Internal Validation

Objectives To evaluate whether a multiparametric approach combining grayscale ultrasound (2D-US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) improves the differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules (TNs) in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and to assess the stability of the combined diagnostic model through internal validation. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 600 HT patients with 650 pathologically confirmed TNs. All patients underwen…

Health

Dual-Approach AI for Pediatric Supracondylar Fractures: Multiclass Radiograph Classification with Explainable AI and Diagnostic Meta-analysis of AI-Based Computational Approaches

Rationale and objectives Pediatric supracondylar fractures (SCFs) are the most common elbow injury in children, yet radiographic diagnosis remains challenging due to complex developmental anatomy, with initially missed fracture rates of 17-77%. Prior artificial intelligence (AI) studies have been limited to binary classification frameworks without Gartland subtype differentiation, and no diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis specific to supracondylar fractures exists. This study aimed to develop the first multi…

Health
Dual-Approach AI for Pediatric Supracondylar Fractures: Multiclass Radiograph Classification with Explainable AI and Diagnostic Meta-analysis of AI-Based Computational Approaches

Canadian Medical Students Interested in Radiology Report Greater Perceived Importance of Procedural Roles and Greater Career Sustainability Amid Artificial Intelligence

Rationale and objectives Artificial intelligence (AI) integration and perceptions of radiology's procedural scope may influence medical students' interest in radiology. We aimed to determine whether perceptions of radiology's scope and AI integration differed according to student interest in radiology. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey containing binary, Likert-scale, and open-ended questions was distributed to medical students at a Canadian institution (N=73; 19.7% effective response rate). Responses…

Health
Canadian Medical Students Interested in Radiology Report Greater Perceived Importance of Procedural Roles and Greater Career Sustainability Amid Artificial Intelligence

"Reports in Medical Illustration (REMIL) in Musculoskeletal Radiology: An Evaluation of Evolving AI Models"

Objective Radiology reports remain predominantly text-based, requiring clinicians and patients to mentally reconstruct imaging findings. Reports in Medical Illustration (REMIL) represent an emerging approach in which artificial intelligence (AI) generates simplified visual summaries directly from report text. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, anatomical accuracy, and clinical utility of AI-generated REMIL in musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology. Methods Twenty-five MSK imaging cases were selected. Identic…

Health
"Reports in Medical Illustration (REMIL) in Musculoskeletal Radiology: An Evaluation of Evolving AI Models"

Digital pathology, image analysis, and artificial intelligence in liver disease

Advances in digital pathology, image analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly transforming how pathologists and researchers interact with tissue samples and enable the development of diagnostic tools that harness high-resolution whole-slide images; these advances are in turn creating new opportunities for research, education, and routine clinical care globally. Liver disease is no exception, and digital pathology and AI have many applications in the diagnosis of liver cancer and liver diseases and…

Health
Digital pathology, image analysis, and artificial intelligence in liver disease

Integrative bioinformatic analysis delineates a mitochondrial-hematopoietic gene signature for diagnosis and immune characterization in myelodysplastic syndromes

Objective This study aimed to develop a mitochondrial and hematopoiesis-related differentially expressed genes (MH-related DEGs) signature for Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) diagnosis and to characterize its regulatory network and immune microenvironment. Methods MH-related DEGs were defined as the intersection of differentially expressed genes from three integrated microarray datasets (GSE145733, GSE19429, GSE81173) with a curated set of mitochondrial- and hematopoiesis-related genes from public databases. Fun…

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Integrative bioinformatic analysis delineates a mitochondrial-hematopoietic gene signature for diagnosis and immune characterization in myelodysplastic syndromes

Artificial intelligence and ultra-high performance computing methods and experiments for drug discovery: virtual screening, deep learning, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET modelling, and experimental validation

Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in computer-aided drug discovery, driven by the incorporation of computational technologies within both academic and pharmaceutical environments. This evolution is marked by a significant accumulation of data pertaining to detailed three-dimensional structural information, ligand properties, and their interactions with therapeutic targets. The augmentation of computational capabilities and the accessibility of extensive chemical libraries containing billions of d…

Health
Artificial intelligence and ultra-high performance computing methods and experiments for drug discovery: virtual screening, deep learning, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET modelling, and experimental validation

Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Differential Diagnosis Between Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia and Connective Tissue Disease-Related Thrombocytopenia in Pediatric Patients

Background To develop a machine learning model for early differentiation of primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) from connective tissue disease-related thrombocytopenia (CTD-TP) in children presenting with thrombocytopenia. Method A retrospective study was conducted on 387 newly diagnosed children with thrombocytopenia. All patients were clinically diagnosed and divided into a training set and a test set in a 7:3 ratio. Six machine learning algorithms, including XGboost, RF, SVM, LR, GBDT, BPNN, were used to e…

Health
Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Differential Diagnosis Between Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia and Connective Tissue Disease-Related Thrombocytopenia in Pediatric Patients

SlideChat is a multimodal generative artificial intelligence assistant for whole-slide computational pathology across cancer types

Multimodal artificial intelligence, albeit showing great potential in computational pathology, remains limited to isolated patch-level interpretation and often fails to analyze gigapixel-scale whole-slide images (WSIs) essential for clinical utility. Here we present SlideChat, a multimodal generative artificial intelligence assistant for whole-slide computational pathology across cancer types. SlideChat integrates patch-level and slide-level pathology encoders with a pretrained large language model. Using 274,23…

Health
SlideChat is a multimodal generative artificial intelligence assistant for whole-slide computational pathology across cancer types